Introduction: With uncontrolled population growth, the safe disposal of waste is a major problem for metropolises. The issue of landfills and their location is at the end of the waste disposal life cycle. Waste burial is the most common METHOD of disposal in urban communities of Iran and other countries of the world. Consequently, its environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT is very important to reduce the negative environmental IMPACT. Therefore, in this study, the environmental effects of the Urmia landfill utilizing the (RIAM) METHOD were evaluated. Material and METHODs: In this study, to assess the environmental IMPACT, field information was collected from the landfill of Urmia city. Then, the effect of different activities in the project was evaluated by the (RIAM) METHOD. Also, important and influential factors have been classified by a group of environmental experts into four sections: physico-chemical, biological-ecological, cultural-social, and economic-operational. Each factor is scored based on the importance of the situation and the time value. The scoring METHOD is such that by multiplying the criteria related to the importance of the situation, the total value of these criteria is determined. Also, for the provisional value criteria, its sub-criteria are summed. After obtaining these criteria, by multiplying these two criteria, the environmental score (ES) of the project is calculated. Results and discussion: Based on the study, it was observed that the highest negative score for biological-ecological components was-402 if the disposal continued in this way. Also, the lowest negative score amongst other available components for economic-operational components was equal to-109. The only positive point was related to the socio-cultural components which are part of subsistence. Also, the score for physico-chemical components and socio-cultural components were-351 and-114, respectively. The reasons for these negative scores are the lack of proper attention to the volume of waste produced by the people, the lack of a leachate treatment system, the lack of vegetation in the municipal waste landfill, unprincipled, and unsanitary waste burial, transportation distance, etc. Disposal operations with the current METHOD, in addition to creating environmental pollution, are also very costly. Most of the cost of this METHOD is spent on transportation, manpower and excavation, and earthmoving operations. In addition to these financial costs, unfortunately, in recent years, with the disappearance of agricultural lands around the municipal landfill, people have migrated from the surrounding villages. This causes a lot of pollution and prevents the conversion and recycling of waste. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that if waste disposal operations continue in the same trend, irreparable environmental damage will be inflicted on the region's ecosystem. To prevent these damages, it is necessary to provide practical solutions and in the management, the department should review the continuation of this METHOD. Also, due to the landfill and waste disposal operations reaching their limit, it is suggested that if a new place for waste disposal is selected, it should be based on studies in the fields of geology, botany, geotechnics, etc. It also seems that the establishment of a waste recycling plant can be a great help in reducing the volume of waste.

Background and Aim: Major Dam construction projects have increased due to widespread climate change, as a result of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have many irreversible and unpredictable effects on the environment. In this paper, the environmental IMPACTs of Eyvashan dam in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments have been identified and studied. Materials and METHODs: In the study of the environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT of the Eyvashan dam with regard to development and evolution, as well as the abundant use of matrices in construction projects, the modified Leopold matrix METHOD and the RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT matrix have been used. The field survey and questionnaire were used to evaluate the construction and operation activities on the environmental components. Results: The results showed that the most negative effects in both construction and utilization phases were in both Leopold modified matrix and the RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT matrix related to the physical-chemical environment and the most positive effects of the socio-economic environment for both phases. Conclusion: By comparing the many positive effects of construction and exploitation of the dam in terms of socio-economic status, the construction of the dam can be considered as an appropriate alternative to the physicalchemical negative effects. Also, in the results of both matrices, there was a very suitable adaptation matrix that can confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental ASSESSMENT of the Eyvashan dam in two stages of construction and operation.

Increasing production of wastes due to the population growth, industrial development and human tendency to consumerism are among of the most important issues which now have become one of the biggest global concerns (Vahab Zadeh, 2009; Sehker and Beukering, 1998). Urban development and rising of living standards especially in developing countries also has been very effective in this field (Glawe et al., 2005). Environmental threats arising from the neglect of proper disposal of waste cannot be overlooked (Lorber et al., 1998). Unfortunately, in our country, especially in the past few decades, incorrect policies and uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources has brought many changes and vulnerability for the environment and if the scientific, technical and management instruments are not handled to deal with the crisis and the problems, future prospects will be very concerned (Taheri et al., 2014). One of the tools that have been welcomed for prediction and reducing the negative effects of important construction projects is Environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) (Monavari, 2004). EIA including highly efficient METHODs which by recognizing the environment and understanding its importance, be examined the effects of different activities a project on environmental components (Canter, 1996). One of the most common ways which used in the environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT of often development projects is the matrix technique. Tabriz as the largest and most industrialized city in North West of IRAN is faced with a very inappropriate situation about waste management in its disposal site. In the present study will try to use of two different matrix ((RIAM) and Leopold) to carry out environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT of the current municipal waste landfill in Tabriz and finally with regard to the results, the various options be recommended for the implementation.

The present study aimed to investigate the environmental IMPACTs of construction of Chamkhaleh port in both construction and opration phases using the (RIAM) matrix METHOD. The research METHOD was descriptive-analytical. The required information were collected by reviewing the project ASSESSMENT report, library studies, field observations and interviews. The statistical population was 8840 people from Chaf and Chamkhaleh city in 1395. Then the importance of IMPACTs of the port construction was determined using a RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT matrix. The innovation of the study was environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT before the implementation of the project in order to predict the IMPACTs. The results showed that the project in both construction and opration phases has significant positive IMPACTs on social and economic sectors such as creating jobs, increasing incomes, improving the transport system, increasing investment in the region and access to goods and services and the most important negative   effects of the project are in the physical and biological environment, such as causing air pollution, noise pollution, water quality changes, loss of soil properties and the effects on plant and animal life. The negative effects could be controlled by limiting dredging operations in critical periods of animal life and vegetation development in the area of harbor.

Background and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of a suitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used for solid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high potential to pollute the environment due to the open air practice of waste disposal. Hence, it is urgent to select a site for this purpose from amongst the proposed ones.Unsuitable landfill sites may have many negative IMPACTs. Using environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT can highly help mitigate the negative effects and arrive at a sound environmental management plan. (RIAM) is an approach that guarantees a sound and at the same time fast and clear evaluation of the main environmental IMPACTs of development projects. This approach has many advantages and some disadvantages, and of the latter the subjectivity has been targeted in this research.We used the (RIAM) that was upgraded with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to lower the subjectivity implicit in the scoring of the IMPACTs and introduce more objectivity to the process.METHOD of study: We used suggested landfill sites in Zanjan City and assessed their environmental IMPACTs through integration of AHP and (RIAM) METHODs. Comparing the effects of each of these landfills on the environment helped us in selecting the least IMPACTing one. Results: In the process, we integrated the (RIAM) with the AHP and found the present landfill site still holds some edge over other suggested sites. The possibility of improving the original (RIAM) METHOD with the AHP was also shown to be applicable and promising.Discussion and conclusion: This study shows that (RIAM) METHOD can be upgraded through integration with the AHP METHOD. The integration transformed challenging ideas on the scoring of the IMPACTs and provided an opportunity for inclusion of expert opinion and greatly enhanced achievement of a unified IMPACT score.

Background and aims: One of the most important environmental problems is excessive production and management of municipal solid waste materials. Environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) is considered as an important strategy to minimize negative IMPACTs. The aim of this study was the use of the EIA process to minimize environmental IMPACTs of Shahrekord landfill and to provide appropriate options for managers and planners.METHODs: This descriptive-analytical study was performed to assess environmental IMPACTs of Shahrekord solid waste landfill using two METHODs, RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT matrix ((RIAM)) and Iranian matrix based on field observation and data collection. Comparing was included four existing options including: continue the current landfill practices, upgrade landfill, construct a new sanitary landfill and compost and recycle plant.Results: The score of continuing current practices at (RIAM) and the Iranian Matrix was -1443 and -3.9, respectively. Composting and recycling plant has -816 score in the (RIAM) and 1 in Iranian matrix. Moreover, the results of two METHODs were displayed different in priority for upgrade landfill and construction a new landfill.Conclusion: Based on both METHODs to continue landfill with current practices is accompanied by severe damage in terms of environmental and health position. Composting and recycling plant is the first priority for Shahrekord.

The increasing waste production and its proper disposal is one of the major environmental challenges facing human societies which has increased the focus on Retrieve and recycling of raw materials One of the ways to recover and recycle municipal solid wastes (MSW), composting from organic materials. The RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT Matrix ((RIAM)) is a partially new METHOD which is particularly advantageous over others, as it provides a transparent and permanent record of analytical process while simultaneously organizing the EIA procedure, which in turn significantly reduces the time taken for EIAs. In order to weighting of IMPACTs, the FANP METHOD was used and the (RIAM) METHOD was used to analyzing and scoring. The results show that among all the identified IMPACTs, 19 environmental IMPACTs of factory operations are harmful. But for the other six environmental IMPACTs, it has had a positive result and therefore it has very beneficial effects on the regional scale and, in some cases, has national positive result.

Marginalization is one of the consequences of economic and social crises in Iran during recent years, which has caused many problems on the margin of large cities such as Tehran. Lack of living standards, as well as urban management supervision, have caused environmental problems to be one of the damages of these areas to its inhabitants and surrounding urban areas. Environmental degradations in this area attract a great deal of attention. In this field study, we have tried to assess the environmental IMPACTs of marginalization by studying the environmental degradation effects of marginalization on the edge of District 19 of Tehran. In the first step, visits and preparation of field questionnaires were carried out in order to investigate and document the situation in the region. Then, using the results and in the form of 26 environmental indicators, the (RIAM) model was used to assess environmental IMPACTs and to study the severity of their effects in the marginal zone. According to the results of the research, major environmental problems include surface water control systems’ low quality, surface sewage discharges, inappropriate management of municipal waste, unpleasant smell and the presence of sludge in the neighborhood.

Statement of Problem: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are major parts of the occupational diseases in workplaces. Protection from such diseases is dependent on ASSESSMENT and improvement of job postures by using job analysis METHODs in ergonomics. Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate ergonomic conditions in dental professions by RAPID entire body ASSESSMENT (REBA) in Birjand city and also to assess the relation between MSDS in different parts of the body and work conditions.Materials and METHODs: This study was a descriptive-analytical approach performed on 48 persons working at different professions by using REBA METHOD. The prevalence of MSDs was obtained by using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The data were analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-square and Fisher tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: In this investigation, the prevalence of disorders for different parts of the body was as follows: 65% for neck, 60% for back, 38% for shoulders, and 31% for wrist. These disorders were higher in women than men except for the back. There were significant correlation between disorders of femur and foreleg with work history, ankle and sole with body mass index (BMI), and MSDs with work conditions (P<0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that the work conditions and postures need to be improved. In addition the level of dental professional education regarding biomechanical hazardous effects as well as correct work conditions and postures should be increased.